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In the United States, most universities and colleges that sponsor athletics programs have adopted an official nickname for its associated teams. Often, these nicknames have changed for any number of reasons, which might include a change in the name of the school itself, a term becoming dated or otherwise changing meaning, or changes in racial perceptions and sensitivities. In the case of the latter, many schools have recently deprecated nicknames that some might consider offensive to American Indians, a group that has been a traditional inspiration for athletic teams. ==Changes== * Adams State Grizzlies, formerly the "Indians" * Akron Zips, called the "Zippers" from 1927 to 1950; this was changed when the term became most associated with the type of clothing fastener.〔''ESPN College Football Encyclopedia'', p. 74, New York: ESPN Books, 2005, ISBN 1-4013-3703-1.〕 * Alaska Nanooks, changed from the "Polar Bears" to "Nanooks" (the Inupiaq word for polar bear) in 1963.〔(Nanooks Quick Facts ), University of Alaska Fairbanks, September 1, 2009.〕 * Alabama–Huntsville Chargers, changed from "Uhlan Chargers" to "Chargers" over time〔 (Origin story: How UAH got its nickname and colors ), University of Alabama Huntsville, August 1, 2014.,〕 * Arizona State Sun Devils, formerly the "Owls", then the "Bulldogs" from 1922 to 1946〔ESPN, p. 96.〕 * Arkansas Razorbacks, changed from the "Cardinals" in 1909.〔ESPN, p. 105.〕 * Arkansas State Red Wolves, formerly the "Indians" (1931–2008), "Warriors" (1930–1931), "Gorillas" (1925–1930), and "Aggies" (1911–1925).〔ESPN, p. 114.〕 * Army Black Knights, the current nickname was derived from newspapers calling the team the "Black Knights of the Hudson" in the 1930s. It was changed from the "Cadets" in 1999. Cadets is still considered an acceptable use, however.〔ESPN, p. 120.〕 * Ball State Cardinals, changed from the "Hoosieroons" in 1929.〔ESPN, p. 138.〕 * Brooklyn Bridges, formerly the "Kingsmen" * Baruch Bearcats, formerly the "Statesmen" * Binghamton Bearcats, changed from "Colonials" in 2000. The school has had two previous nickname changes, but both coincided with changes of the school name. For those changes, see below. * Bowling Green Falcons, changed from the "Normals" in 1927.〔ESPN, p. 168.〕 * Brewton–Parker Barons, formerly the "Wildcats" * Brown Bears, Senator Theodore F. Green suggested the nickname "Bears" in 1904,〔ESPN, p. 1038.〕 but the unofficial nickname "Bruins" became more prevalent starting in the 1930s.〔Gordon M. Morton III, (''Brown University Athletics: From the Bruins to the Bears'' ), p. 21, Arcadia Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-7385-1252-4.〕 It was formerly used interchangeably with the official nickname, although some media disused "Bruins" after a minor league hockey team, the Providence Bruins, was established nearby in 1992.〔('Baby Bruins' are grown and need their own name ), ''Providence Journal'', April 13, 1995.〕 * Buffalo Bulls, formerly known as the "Bisons" (1915–1930), changed to distinguish from the city of Buffalo's identically named professional teams.〔ESPN, 184.〕 * Carthage Red Men, reverted from "Redmen" * Cedar Crest Falcons, formerly the "Classics" * Central Florida Knights, reverted from "Golden Knights" from 1993 to 2007. * Central Michigan Chippewas, formerly the "Bearcats" (1927–1942), "Dragons" (1925–1927), and the "Normalites" (until 1925). The current name was chosen in honor of the local Saginaw tribe, and has remained in use with the tribe's consent.〔ESPN, 202.〕〔(Lions to take on CMU ), ''The Daily Collegian'', September 16, 2005.〕 * Chowan Hawks, reverted from "Braves" in 2006 * Cincinnati Christian Eagles, formerly the "Golden Eagles" * Colgate Raiders, changed from "Red Raiders" in 2001 * Colorado Buffaloes, changed from the "Silver and Gold" in 1934. They had also been known informally as the "Arapahoes", "Big Horns", "Frontiersmen", "Grizzlies", "Hornets", "Yellow Jackets", and (the football team) "Silver Helmets".〔ESPN, p. 229.〕 * Colorado State Rams, referred to as "Aggies" before 1957 * CSU Pueblo ThunderWolves, changed from the "Indians" in 1995. The school name was changed from University of Southern Colorado in 2003.〔(The Birth of the ThunderWolf ), Colorado State University at Pueblo, retrieved June 28, 2009.〕 * Connecticut Huskies, officially adopted as the nickname in 1934, they had previous been unofficially known as the "Aggies" and the "Statesmen".〔ESPN, p. 246.〕 * Crossroads Knights, formerly the "Royals" * Cumberlands Patriots, changed from the Cumberland "Indians" (note the singular "Cumberland") in 2002, when the school was known as Cumberland College. The school adopted its current name of the University of the Cumberlands in 2005. * Dartmouth Big Green, formerly "Indians" which was disused since the 1970s in favor of an existing nickname, "Big Green". * Dean Bulldogs, formerly the "Red Devils" * Dickinson State Blue Hawks, changed from "Savages" in 1972 * East Carolina Pirates, changed from the "Teachers" in 1934.〔ESPN, p. 258.〕 The school was a teachers college until the 1940s. * Eastern Michigan Eagles, changed from the "Hurons" (1929–1991) due to pressure from the Michigan Department of Civil Rights; the teams had previously been known as the "Normalites" and the "Men from Ypsi".〔ESPN, p. 265.〕 * Eastern Nazarene Lions, changed from the "Crusaders" in 2009 * Eastern Washington Eagles, formerly the "Savages" * Elon Phoenix, formerly the "Fighting Christians" * Endicott Gulls, formerly the "Power Gulls" * FIU Panthers, changed from "Sunblazers" to "Golden Panthers" in 1987〔ESPN, p. 287.〕 and "Panthers" in 2010. * Fort Lewis Skyhawks, known first as the "Beavers", changed to "Aggies" in the early 1930s, changed to "Raiders" in 1963, and adopted current nickname in 1994 * George Washington Colonials, changed from "Hatchetites" in 1928 * Georgia Southern Eagles, formerly the Blue Tide (1924–1941) and Professors (1941–1959) * Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, "Yellowjackets" (as one word) first came into use after it appeared in the ''Atlanta Constitution'' in 1905; other nicknames included "Techs" (discontinued c. 1910), "Engineers", "Blacksmiths" (1902–1904), and "Golden Tornado" (1917–1929)〔(Georgia Tech Traditions ), Georgia Institute of Technology, retrieved August 15, 2010.〕 * University of Hawaii at Manoa, known as "Fighting Deans" before 1923; the school's nickname was "Rainbows" from 1923 through 2000,〔ESPN, p. 326.〕 when the university allowed all of its athletic teams to adopt their own individual nicknames: the baseball team retained the "Rainbows" nickname; the men's basketball, swimming and diving, and tennis teams adopted "Rainbow Warriors"; the football, men's golf, and men's volleyball teams adopted "Warriors"; and all women's teams adopted the nickname "Rainbow Wahine". In 2013, the university announced that all men's teams would become "Rainbow Warriors" effective with the start of the 2013–14 school year. * Hofstra Pride, formerly the "Flying Dutchmen" * Husson Eagles, formerly the "Braves" * Ithaca Bombers, formerly the "Blue Team", "Blues", "Blue and Gold", "Collegians" and "Seneca Streeters." The name was changed to the "Cayugas" by a student vote in 1937. The origin of the nickname "Bombers" is unclear, but the first known reference was in a December 17, 1938 issue of the ''Rochester Times-Union'' article on the basketball team. Some faculty have expressed reservations of the current nickname's martial connotations.〔(Stories swirl around about Mascots ), Ithaca College, December 7, 2000.〕 * IUP Crimson Hawks, changed from the "Indians" in 2006 * Iowa State Cyclones, changed from "Cardinals" in 1895〔ESPN, p. 373.〕 * IUPUI Jaguars, changed from the "Metros" in 1997 upon moving to NCAA Division I. * Johnson University, changed from the "Preachers" and "Lady Evangels" to the "Royals" in 2013〔(), Johnson University, October 18, 2013.〕 * Kansas State Wildcats, changed from the "Aggies" and the "Farmers" in 1915, before reverting to the old nicknames that same year, when the school was known as the Kansas State Agricultural College. It was changed permanently in 1920.〔ESPN, p. 393.〕 The school changed its name to Kansas State University later. * Kent State Golden Flashes, changed from the "Silver Foxes" in 1927〔ESPN, p. 402.〕 * Lander Bearcats, formerly the "Senators" * Lehigh Mountain Hawks, changed from the "Engineers" in 1995; also previously known as the "Brown and White" * Lincoln Christian Red Lions, formerly "Preachers" (men) and "Angels" (women). * Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns, changed from the "Bulldogs" to Raging Cajuns in the early 1960s. The "g" was dropped from the end of the first word later.〔ESPN, p. 436.〕 * Loyola Ramblers, changed from "Grandees" around 1926; the earlier nickname was selected in a contest held by the student newspaper but failed to catch on.〔(Why Ramblers? ), Loyola University Chicago, retrieved August 14, 2011.〕 * Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks, changed from the "Indians" in 2006 * Marquette Golden Eagles, changed from the "Warriors" in 1994, which had been used at least since 1960. Earlier nicknames included "Hilltoppers" and "Avalanche". * Marshall Thundering Herd, made official in the mid-1960s, although it was in unofficial use since the 1930s alongside the nickname the "Big Green".〔ESPN, p. 458.〕 * Maryland Terrapins, made official in 1932,〔(Testudo: Tale of the Top Shell ), University of Maryland, retrieved August 20, 2011.〕 although in unofficial use earlier;〔''Reveille'', University of Maryland Yearbook, Class of 1928, p. 182, 1928.〕 formerly the "Old Liners", and before that, the "Aggies" and "Farmers" when the school was known as Maryland Agricultural College.〔Rick Snider, (Ill will lingers at Navy, Maryland; Rivalry to restart in Crab Bowl ), ''The Washington Times'', p. 1, August 29, 2005.〕 * UMass Minutemen, changed from the "Redmen" and "Redwomen" in 1972. According to the university, the old nickname referred to the uniforms worn by the athletic teams, but it was changed nonetheless out of sensitivity to American Indians. * MCLA Trailblazers, formerly the "Mohawks" * Memphis Tigers, originally adopted in 1915 when the school was known as the West Tennessee State Normal School, but changed to "Teachers" and "Tutors" when the school name was changed to West Tennessee State Teachers College. In 1939, the Tigers nickname was reintroduced. The school later changed its name to Memphis State College and then the University of Memphis. * Miami RedHawks, changed from the "Redskins" in 1997, the team had previously been known as the "Big Reds", the "Reds and Whites", the "Red-Skinned Warriors", and the "Miami Boys".〔(Nickname History ), Miami University, retrieved June 28, 2009.〕 * Michigan State Spartans, changed from "Aggies" in 1925, which had been used contemporaneously with the unofficial nicknames of the "Fighting Farmers" and "Farmers".〔ESPN, p. 509.〕 * Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders, adopted in 1934 to replace a "wide range of names"〔ESPN, p. 518.〕 * Midwestern State Mustangs, formerly the "Indians" * Milwaukee Panthers, changed from "Cardinals" in 1964, when the school was branded athletically as "Wisconsin–Milwaukee". There was an earlier nickname change, but that coincided with a merger that resulted in a change of the school name. For that change, see below. * Mississippi State Bulldogs, changed from "Maroons" in 1961, they were known as the "Aggies" under the school changed its name from Mississippi A&M in 1932.〔 * Multnomah Lions, formerly the "Ambassadors" * Nebraska Cornhuskers, adopted in 1900, the teams had formerly been known as the "Antelopes", "Bugeaters", "Old Gold Knights", "Rattlesnake Boys", and "Treeplanters" * Nebraska Wesleyan Prairie Wolves, formerly the "Plainsmen" * Nevada Wolf Pack, adopted in 1923, they had previously been known as the "Sagebrushers" and "Sage Hens"〔ESPN, p. 578.〕 * Newberry Wolves, adopted in 2010 to replace "Indians", which had been dropped two years earlier. The teams had competed without a nickname in the interim.〔(Newberry 'Wolves' to go on the prowl; College settles on nickname to replace ‘Indians’ ), ''The State'', June 8, 2010.〕 * North Carolina State Wolfpack, adopted in 1922, previous nicknames had included the "Aggies", "Farmers", "Techs", and "Red Terrors"〔ESPN, p. 606.〕 * North Dakota Fighting Hawks – First known as the "Flickertails" until 1930, at which time "Fighting Sioux" was adopted.〔(Those fighting Sioux nickname lose sight of most Indian views ), ''Minneapolis Star-Tribune'', November 13, 2006.〕 After major controversy over this nickname in the early 21st century, "Fighting Sioux" was retired in 2012. The school then went without a nickname for three years, as the state passed a law prohibiting the selection of a new nickname until 2015. In November of that year, following two rounds of fan voting, a new nickname of "Fighting Hawks" was chosen and immediately adopted. * North Georgia Saints and Lady Saints — The first sports teams at what was then North Georgia College & State University were men's teams known as "Cadets", a nod to the school's status as a senior military college. When basketball became the first women's sport, that team was initially known as the "Golddiggers", referencing the school's location in the old gold-mining town of Dahlonega. By the late 1970s, the athletic program had settled on "Saints" and "Lady Saints". NGCSU no longer exists under that name, as it was merged into the University of North Georgia in 2013. * North Greenville Crusaders, formerly the "Mounties" * North Texas Mean Green, formerly known as the "Eagles" (1922–1966), the teams were renamed in honor of "Mean" Joe Greene〔ESPN, p. 614.〕 * Northern Illinois Huskies, adopted in 1940, previous names had included "Cardinals", "Evansmen", "Northerners", "Profs", and "Teachers"〔ESPN, p. 622.〕 * Northwest Christian Beacons, formerly the "Crusaders" * Northwestern Wildcats, changed from the "Purple" in 1924〔ESPN, p. 628.〕 * Notre Dame Fighting Irish, officially adopted in 1927, although it had been in use much earlier. Other nicknames included the "Catholics" in the 1880s and 1890s, and the "Ramblers" in the 1920s.〔ESPN, p. 638.〕 * Ohio Bobcats, replaced the "Green and White" in 1925〔ESPN, p. 648.〕 * Oklahoma Sooners, replaced the "Rough Riders" and "Boomers" in 1908〔ESPN, p. 668.〕 * Oklahoma City Stars, formerly the "Chiefs" and the "Goldbugs" * Oklahoma State Cowboys and Cowgirls - Oklahoma A&M used the nickname of the "Agriculturalists" in the 1890s, which was shortened to "Aggies" and "Farmers". "Tigers" was briefly used as well, but proved unpopular. In 1924, the media began referring to the teams as the "Cowboys" and it was later officially adopted.〔ESPN, p. 678.〕 * Ole Miss Rebels, changed from the "Flood" in 1935 because of the negative association with natural disasters.〔(Ole Miss Mascot a New Confederate Casualty ), ''The Los Angeles Times'', June 29, 2003.〕 The change came only eight years after much of the state was devastated by massive flooding. * Omaha Mavericks, adopted in the summer of 1971, previously known as "Indians" from 1939 to 1971 and "Cardinals" before 1939. * Oral Roberts Golden Eagles, formerly the "Titans" * Oregon Ducks, formerly the "Webfoots." "Ducks" introduced in the 1940s and nicknames were used interchangeably until the 1970s; "Ducks" officially adopted in 1978.〔ESPN, p. 686.〕 * Oregon State Beavers, previously known as the "Aggies" and then the "Orangemen". The yearbook was named ''The Beaver'' in 1916, which later led to the athletics teams' adoption of the nickname.〔ESPN, p. 694.〕 * Pacific Lutheran Lutes, formerly the "Gladiators" * Quinnipiac Bobcats, changed from the "Braves" in 2002 * RPI Engineers, formerly the "Bachelors" and the "Red Hawks" * Richmond Spiders, changed from the "Colts" in 1894.〔(The University of Richmond Spiders ) University of Richmond, retrieved June 28, 2009.〕 * Rio Grande RedStorm, changed from the "Redmen" and "Redwomen" in 2008. * Ripon Red Hawks, changed from "Redmen" * Rutgers Scarlet Knights, changed from the "Queensmen" in 1955〔ESPN, p. 740.〕 * St. Bonaventure Bonnies, changed from the "Brown Indians" and "Brown Squaws" in 1979 * St. John's Red Storm, changed from the "Redmen" in 1995 for gender and cultural considerations. The university claims the old name did not refer to American Indians, but to the school color, a bright cardinal red. * Saint Leo Lions, formerly the "Monarchs" * Saint Mary's Cardinals, changed from "Redmen" during the 1989–90 season * San Diego State Aztecs, replaced the "Staters" and "Professors" in 1925〔ESPN, p. 750.〕 * San Jose State Spartans, adopted in 1925; prior nicknames included the "Daniels", the "Teachers", the "Pedagogues", the "Normals", and the "Normalites" * Seton Hill Griffins, formerly the "Spirit" * Simpson Storm, changed from the "Redmen and Lady Reds" in 1992 * Southeast Missouri State Redhawks, formerly the "Indians" and "Otahkians" * Southeastern Oklahoma State Savage Storm, changed from "Savages" in 2006 * Southeastern Fire, formerly the "Crusaders" * South Florida Bulls, shortened from "Brahman Bulls" in the mid-1980s〔ESPN, p. 784.〕 * Southern Miss Golden Eagles, adopted in 1972, the school had several previous nicknames,〔ESPN, p. 798.〕 including "Normalites", "Yellow Jackets", "Confederates", and "Southerners" * Southwestern Christian Eagles, formerly the "Moundbuilders" * Seattle Redhawks, formerly the "Chieftains" * Southern Illinois Salukis, formerly known at the "Maroons" from 1913 to 1951 * Southern Nazarene Crimson Storm, formerly the "Redskins" * Spalding Golden Eagles, formerly the "Pelicans" * Springfield College Pride, formerly the "Chiefs" * Stanford Cardinal, adopted in 1981, formerly known as the "Indians" (1930–1972) and the plural "Cardinals" (1972–1981)〔ESPN, p. 806.〕 * Stonehill Skyhawks, changed from the "Chieftains" * Stony Brook Seawolves, adopted in 1994; previously known as "Soundmen" or "Baymen" (1950s), Warriors (1960–1966), and "Patriots"/"Lady Patriots" (1966–1994) * SUNY Canton Kangaroos, formerly the "Northmen" and "Northstars" * Syracuse Orange, changed from the "Orangemen" and "Orangewomen" in 2004 * Texas Tech Red Raiders, changed from "Matadors" (1925–1932), which had been inspired by the campus's Spanish architecture.〔ESPN, p. 870.〕 * Toledo Rockets, adopted in 1923 by sportswriters who shortened it from "Skyrockets", coined by a student in the press box for a football game. Writers had previously called the football team the "Blue and Gold" and "Munies".〔ESPN, p. 878.〕 * Troy Trojans, reverted from "Red Wave" in 1973. Troy had been known as first the Bulldogs" and then the "Teachers" between 1909 and 1920, the "Trojans" from 1920 to 1931, and the "Red Wave" from 1931 to 1973.〔ESPN, p. 886.〕 * Tulane Green Wave, known as the "Olive and Blue" from 1893 to 1919, and referred to as the "Greenbacks" by the student-run ''The Tulane Weekly'' in 1919. Became known as the "Green Wave" from 1920 after the song "The Rolling Green Wave" published in the ''Tulane Hullabaloo''.〔ESPN, p. 890.〕 * Tulsa Golden Hurricanes, adopted in 1922, formerly known as the "Orange and Black", "Kendallites", "Presbyterians", "Tigers", "Tulsans", and "Yellow Jackets".〔ESPN, p. 898.〕 * UCLA Bruins, adopted in 1928, formerly known as the "Cubs" until 1923, in reference to the school's connection to the University of California Golden Bears. Known as the "Grizzlies" from 1923 until 1928, when UCLA joined the Pacific Coast Conference, which already included the Montana Grizzlies.〔ESPN, p. 910.〕 * UCSC Banana Slugs, changed in 1986 by student referendum from "Sea Lions", which had been used since the school began sponsoring NCAA athletics in 1981〔(Slug 'em, Slugs! College students OK new mascot ), ''The Milwaukee Journal'', May 10, 1986.〕 * USC Trojans, replaced the "Methodists" and "Wesleyans" in 1912〔ESPN, p. 788.〕 * USP Devils, formerly the "Red Devils" * Utah Utes, formerly used "Redskins" nickname simultaneously with "Utes" nickname but discontinued using "Redskins" in 1972 * Virginia Tech Hokies, gradually transitioned from the original nickname of the "Fighting Gobblers" * Washington Huskies, adopted February 3, 1922; formerly the "Sun Dodgers" (1919–1921) and very briefly the "Vikings" in December 1921 * Wayne State Warriors, known as the "Tartars" from 1927 to 1999 * Western Michigan Broncos, changed from "Hilltoppers" in 1939 * Westminster Griffins, formerly the "Parsons" * William & Mary Tribe, formerly the "Indians" (1917–1977) and "Orange and White" (1893–1916) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of college nickname changes in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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